Trade Coffee matches your coffee preferences with over 400 roasters to create a personalized subscription of beans. Read our review of the quiz, pricing, …Nespresso capsules are a convenient and delicious way to enjoy espresso-based drinks in your own home. With a wide variety of flavors and styles, there’s something for everyone to ...W e spent over four weeks commandeering the office coffee pot, brewing over 50 pots and consuming about 400 cups to find that Verena Street – Mississippi Grogg is the best cheap coffee brand. This light-roast, fair trade and kosher brand out-brewed the competition, pleasing even our pickiest taste tester and receiving complements such as …The Brew Coffee bar, Morton, Washington. 709 likes · 151 were here. Open 7 days a week 6am to 6pm Tuesday “Double Stamp” all day Call in ordering available.Investing is a great way to save for the future. This guide to investing is designed to help young adults get started investing in college. The College Investor Student Loans, Inve...Ryan has amassed a lifetime of experience in the coffee world working with top-tier trade houses ECOM and EDF Man. His professional experience spans hedge funds and prop desks, trading commercial and specialty coffees, advising global producers and roasters on hedging strategy and teaching courses from the basic to the most complex derivatives.The Fair Trade movement brings attention to the fact that coffee farming is a risky endeavor from which farmers often struggle to make money. And as the coffee market is currently facing a price crisis, a Fair Trade certification is one way to ensure that every farmer is paid a Fair Trade premium that is above base commodity price, hopefully bringing them … Build loyalty and meet your consumer demand. 65% of consumers recognize the Fair Trade Certified label. 78% of consumers trust the Fair Trade Certified label. 1 in 3 consumers are more likely to purchase with the Fair Trade Certified label. 75% of consumers indicate a third-party certification provides trust that a product/company is taking ... wholesale and retail, small-batch roastery. located in the beautiful little town of Sherman, Connecticut. Please explore our site or come visit us and find out why you will never think about coffee the same way again! Sacred Grounds Coffee Roasters is a small-batch, 100% Organically-sourced and Fair Trade coffee roasting company located in ...1. Total valid vouchers count. 19. Verified & tested discounts - Last revised on: 03/06/2024. Use a Trade Coffee promo code to save up to $42 this March. Find the newest and verified Trade Coffee ...Although risky, investing in Bitcoin can yield massive returns. It can also result in massive losses. Here's how to invest in Bitcoin! Although risky, investing in Bitcoin can yiel...Summary This article analyzes the recent growth of Fair Trade and the mainstreaming of this previously alternative arena. ... Using a commodity network approach, ...Description. Guatemala, Colombia or Sumatra. Product Code: 53283. Add to shopping list. Your shopping list is empty. Shop for Barissimo Fair Trade Single Origin Ground Coffee at ALDI. Discover quality beverages at affordable prices when you shop at ALDI. Learn more.Trade Coffee. A few weeks later the next bag of coffee arrived. The Flatlander Signature Blend from PT's Coffee in Topeka, Kansas, is medium-bodied with hints of citrus and a toasty, nutty finish ...Amountsee price in store * Quantity 9.5 fl oz. Beaumont. 100% Colombian Ground Coffee. Amountsee price in store * Quantity 24.2 oz. Beaumont. Classic Roast Medium Ground Coffee. Amountsee price in store * Quantity 30.5 oz. …Stumptown Coffee Roasters Holler Mountain Ground Coffee - 12 oz$15. Buy at Amazon. Flavor: Medium roast with bittersweet chocolate and …Dec 21, 2023 · Ground/Whole – You can pick the grind you need or get whole bean. Frequency – You choose every 7, 10 or 14 days in between your deliveries. Types of Subscriptions: 1 lb shipment: You can expect to pay $21.90 per lb of coffee. 3 lb shipment: You pay $39.90 (almost half the price vs paying monthly. 50 of the Nation’s best roasters. Coffee is rigorously tested. Shipped within 24 hours of roasting. 30% off first order. Cons. Only ships within the US. No …A three-bag subscription will normally set you back around $58, yet Trade Coffee is giving you the first bag for free right now. In addition, with our exclusive promo code, you'll take $10 off ...Description. Guatemala, Colombia or Sumatra. Product Code: 53283. Add to shopping list. Your shopping list is empty. Shop for Barissimo Fair Trade Single Origin Ground Coffee at ALDI. Discover quality beverages at affordable prices when you shop at ALDI. Learn more.The Trade Coffee & Coworking Memberships and Coworking Purchases are non-refundable. A store credit may be offered in the event of unforeseen and special circumstances. Inquire for more information [email protected] ...Although risky, investing in Bitcoin can yield massive returns. It can also result in massive losses. Here's how to invest in Bitcoin! Although risky, investing in Bitcoin can yiel...Discover Celebration Box from PT's on Trade. Our love letter to the craft coffee experience, this three-bag flight includes our most popular coffees from PT's Coffee Roasting Co. There’s magic in the simplicity of brewing great coffee at home, and anyone you gift this trio too will feel it, too. This gift box includes: 1 Standard Size (10.9 oz) bag …To achieve a level of diversification to help minimize your investment risk, it’s best to limit your amount of holdings and options. Diversification is good for an investment portf...Defining Direct Trade Coffee. Coffee is the most traded commodity in the world, and yet the farmers producing it often receive very little compensation for their hard work. This is where direct trade coffee comes in. Direct trade means that coffee roasters establish relationships with farmers, bypassing middlemen and securing a higher price for ...Great for GiftingMistobox Coffee Subscription. $15 at Mistobox (12 Oz) 4 / 16. A cup of coffee in the morning is not just about the caffeine (though that's certainly important). It's the ritual ...Stumptown Coffee Roasters Holler Mountain Ground Coffee - 12 oz$15. Buy at Amazon. Flavor: Medium roast with bittersweet chocolate and …Jan 4, 2024 · Price | Starting at $16 1 bag (12 oz.) Founded by a Kenyan woman who grew up with coffee farmers, Kahawa 1893 is at the forefront of gender equity in the coffee game. Featured on Shark Tank and the Today Show, this company is making waves by sourcing directly from female farmers in Kenya and Rwanda, and Congo. The Coffee Association of Canada (CAC) has proudly championed the advancement and enjoyment of coffee in Canada for over 25 years. We represent the majority of the coffee industry in Canada, providing leadership in 4 areas: advocacy, proprietary research, education and networking. The CAC is the industry voice for our members who include …Collection: Direct Trade Coffee · Brazil Daterra Full Bloom Direct Trade · Brazil Daterra Full Bloom Direct Trade. Regular price $12.99 USD · Peru Chanchamayo&...By staying committed to the time-honored craft of artisanal coffee roasting, we strive to make them proud. Quick View. ONLINE EXCLUSIVE | RISE UP UNIVERSITY | STADIUM CREW. $44.95. Add to Wishlist. Quick View. Organic House Roast. Roast Level: Medium Notes: Balanced, Chocolatey, Creamy. $14.00– $75.00—available on subscription.Trade Coffee offers a wide range of coffees from over 55 U.S.-based roasters, with a quiz to help you find your perfect match. Read the full review to …Jan 31, 2024 · Grown at an altitude of 2,500-5,000 feet, Volcanica Sumatra Mandheling Fair Trade Coffee Beans come from Indonesia. These are 100% Arabica beans that are chemical- and pesticide-free. Volcanica is a specialty importer of gourmet coffee that is Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance, and shade-grown certified. Some drinks that start with the letter “e” are eggnog, egg cream, eau de vie, espresso and Eskimo punch. Alcoholic mixed drinks that start with “e” include the East Indies Sling an...Dec 21, 2023 ... We get a Classics box every 3 weeks. It's the perfect amount of coffee for us, and at $12.50/lb – you can't go wrong! However, it's totally up ...Breville espresso machines are known for their exceptional quality and performance. However, like any other appliance, they can experience issues over time. One of the most common ...That’s why all of our coffees are roasted in our green-powered, carbon neutral roastery. Browse popular organic, Fair Trade coffees and new single-origin offerings. Roasted. Sealed. Delivered. Save 10% on freshly roasted coffee with flexible prepaid and recurring subscriptions. SHOP.Trade Coffee. A few weeks later the next bag of coffee arrived. The Flatlander Signature Blend from PT's Coffee in Topeka, Kansas, is medium-bodied with hints of citrus and a toasty, nutty finish ...Nov 24, 2023 · The South American nations of Brazil, Colombia, and Peru export nearly 42% of the global coffee beans. Brazil exported over 2.2 million tonnes in 2019 alone, more than a quarter of the global coffee trade. Across the Pacific, Vietnam and Indonesia together exported 23.4% of the world’s coffee beans in 2019. Build loyalty and meet your consumer demand. 65% of consumers recognize the Fair Trade Certified label. 78% of consumers trust the Fair Trade Certified label. 1 in 3 consumers are more likely to purchase with the Fair Trade Certified label. 75% of consumers indicate a third-party certification provides trust that a product/company is taking ... Copan Trade is a family owned / operated... Copan Trade: Your Green Coffee Connection, Tomball, Texas. 1,237 likes · 1 talking about this · 85 were here. Copan Trade is a family owned / operated grower and exporter of 100% premium green coffee.Their organic beans are all Fair Trade certified and manufactured on responsibly managed farms that protect the rights and interest of their workers. 12-ounce ground bag: $19.89 at Amazon 24 K-cups: $25.49 at Amazon 10-pack of instant coffee: $12.75 at Amazon. 6. Amazon.BUY. $99.00. Trade. Trade also stocks the best and most gift-worthy coffee makers and equipment, like sleek kettles and classic french presses and handy accessories like cold brew bags and kitchen ...43% of Americans enjoy specialty coffee, which is a five-year high, and up 20% from January 2021 according to NCA. Consumers are demanding higher transparency, including how products are produced (26%), how ingredients are sourced (25%), sustainability practices (19%), and value-based information such as fair trade (26%) says …Sep 28, 2023 · Pull the drawstring gently until the bag is sealed tightly, which will stop the grounds from spilling into your homemade cold brew coffee concentrate and muddying it up with sediment. 2. Add Bag & Water. Put the sealed bag in your container and fill it with room temperature or cold filtered water. No fancy pouring technique is required, just ... Today, Africa is the second-largest coffee producer in the world. With over 170 million bags of coffee produced annually, African nations have become integral to the global coffee trade. Coffee cultivation has been a major part of many African countries’ economies and cultures for centuries.Enjoy the world’s best coffee for just $0.55 per cup. (Shipping is always free) Every purchase you make supports our independent roaster partners, premium wages for farmers, and diversity in coffee. Free shipping on subscription boxes, exclusive discounts, early access to new blends, and the occasional surprise gift.The USA is the largest importer of coffee in the world, importing 6.9 billion dollars worth in 2021 alone. That means how we buy and drink coffee can greatly influence the livelihood of others. Purchasing fair trade coffee is a small way to do your part in making an enormous market fairer. 4. It’s More Sustainable.Trade Coffee connects coffee drinkers to roasters across the US and delivers high-quality, ethically sourced coffee to your door. Learn about their mission, curation, …Jan 25, 2024 · Answering Common Trade Coffee Questions. As an experienced subscriber, friends and family always pepper me with questions on how Trade works. Here I‘ll answer some common FAQs for new members: How long does shipping take? Trade Coffee processes and ships orders incredibly fast – usually within 24 hours of you placing it. I'd Recommend Trade If. You want to drink amazing coffee at home but are overwhelmed by the seemingly endless options (Trade itself carries 400+ different types of coffee). You're an established coffee-lover who wants to make obtaining your beans easier. About Trade Coffee. The Subscription: Trade Coffee. The Cost:Catalyst Trade is an independent green coffee company dedicated to equitable profit distribution and quality expansion within our supply chains. Green Coffee. Small Bag Program. Roasters of all stamps can …The best part is that each time your subscription renews, you’ll be getting a different bag of coffee so you’ll continue discovering the latest and the greatest. Frequency: Every 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, or 6 weeks. Cost: $15.75 to $22 per month, depending on the coffee you match to and select. Ships To: US for free.Sep 1, 2022 · 4. Equator Coffees. Offering a huge range of fair trade (Fair Trade USA) and organic coffee as well as quality brewing equipment, this women-owned and run coffee producer places a huge emphasis on sustainability. A 10 ounce bag of coffee will set you back $16.99. You’ll find their fair trade coffee on their website . Fair trade coffee ... Fair trade coffee is coffee that is certified as having been produced to fair trade standards by fair trade organizations, which create ...Trade Coffee matches you with new coffees curated to your taste each month from over 450+ roasters across the US. You can customize your plan, enjoy free …If you've been looking for a way to both fly up front on an Airbus A380 and arrive in Paris in time for espresso and viennoiseries, you're in luck. Update: Some offers mentioned be...Around the world, 120 million people are financially reliant on coffee alone (via Stacker), and as of 2021, the industry's exports are valued at more than $36 billion (via World's Top Exports).On ...You might also like our guide to healthy organic meal kit delivery services and fair trade coffee. 1. Alter Eco Foods. Best For | Truffle lovers, eco-friendly practices Price Per Bar | $2.99–$4.99. Alter Eco is a certified B Corporation. They are certified Fair Trade, non-GMO and organic, and they also use compostable packaging and offset ...The Brew Coffee bar, Morton, Washington. 709 likes · 151 were here. Open 7 days a week 6am to 6pm Tuesday “Double Stamp” all day Call in ordering available.The Brew Coffee bar, Morton, Washington. 709 likes · 151 were here. Open 7 days a week 6am to 6pm Tuesday “Double Stamp” all day Call in ordering available.Defining Direct Trade Coffee. Coffee is the most traded commodity in the world, and yet the farmers producing it often receive very little compensation for their hard work. This is where direct trade coffee comes in. Direct trade means that coffee roasters establish relationships with farmers, bypassing middlemen and securing a higher price for ...Stumptown Coffee Roasters Holler Mountain Ground Coffee - 12 oz$15. Buy at Amazon. Flavor: Medium roast with bittersweet chocolate and … Fairtrade Certification is a powerful way to prioritize the lives of farmers and workers in your supply chain, all while strengthening your relationship with shoppers. As the U.S. branch of the Fairtrade International, we have the experience, network and targeted support you are looking for in your journey to ethical sourcing. Trade Coffee. A few weeks later the next bag of coffee arrived. The Flatlander Signature Blend from PT's Coffee in Topeka, Kansas, is medium-bodied with hints of citrus and a toasty, nutty finish ...However, you need to apply in your product category to trade coffee and get your product approved Coffee Supermarket fees are 10% when you sell more than 60 kg. If you sell less than 60 kg no fee is charged but only bank feesCaribou Coffee® is more than a premium coffeehouse featuring high-quality, handcrafted beverages and food. Explore our menu, sign up for Caribou Coffee® Perks rewards, and manage gift cards. Shop coffee, K-Cup® Pods, tea, ready-to …Thousands of coffee farmers all over the world support their families by using small stretches of hillside land for their coffee plantations. Farmers work day in and day out for very little, but the future of coffee farming is bright. Fair Trade organizations strive to improve living conditions for these farmers by helping them set up cooperatives.Their organic beans are all Fair Trade certified and manufactured on responsibly managed farms that protect the rights and interest of their workers. 12-ounce ground bag: $19.89 at Amazon 24 K-cups: $25.49 at Amazon 10-pack of instant coffee: $12.75 at Amazon. 6. Amazon.Direct trade is a term used by coffee roasters who buy straight from the growers, cutting out both the traditional middleman buyers and sellers and also the ...Enjoy the world’s best coffee for just $0.55 per cup. (Shipping is always free) Every purchase you make supports our independent roaster partners, premium wages for farmers, and diversity in coffee. Free shipping on subscription boxes, exclusive discounts, early access to new blends, and the occasional surprise gift.What Exactly is Trade Coffee? Before getting into reviews and comparisons, let‘s start with the basics. Here is a quick primer on Trade Coffee: …“Direct trade” is a term that is tangentially related to fair trade, but it is a distinctly separate concept you’ll find practiced by some coffee brands. Generally, direct trade is used to describe beans sourced by coffee roasters straight from producers , as opposed to purchasing beans through brokers or importers.Breville espresso machines are known for their exceptional quality and performance. However, like any other appliance, they can experience issues over time. One of the most common ... Build loyalty and meet your consumer demand. 65% of consumers recognize the Fair Trade Certified label. 78% of consumers trust the Fair Trade Certified label. 1 in 3 consumers are more likely to purchase with the Fair Trade Certified label. 75% of consumers indicate a third-party certification provides trust that a product/company is taking ... The Decaf Coffee Collection. $19.95/Bag. 40 coffees. Organic Coffee Collection. $19.95/Bag. 26 coffees. The Fair Trade Coffee Collection. $19.95/Bag. 158 coffees. Trade collaborates with over 55 independent specialty coffee roasters all around the United States that offer any coffee roast you could dream of - single origin, decaffeinated, or specialty coffee. And we put them all together in this collection—you’ll find fan-favorite coffees that our customers keep coming back for refills of.Some drinks that start with the letter “e” are eggnog, egg cream, eau de vie, espresso and Eskimo punch. Alcoholic mixed drinks that start with “e” include the East Indies Sling an...The best investment advice sites will make it easy for you to find investments that are best for your financial goals and risk tolerance. Home Investing Investing in individual st...Ethiopian Coffee History. It is thought that the legendary character of Kaldi would have existed around 850 A.D. This account coincides with the commonly held belief that coffee cultivation began in Ethiopia around the ninth century. However, some believe that coffee was cultivated as early as 575 A.D. in Yemen.Perfect for coffee newcomers and enthusiasts alike, a Trade digital gift subscription is their key to the world of better coffee. We bring together the most unique and talented roasters from around the US, taste and hand pick their best roasts, and curate a selection of coffees tailored to your giftee’s tastes. Coffee. It’s how millions of us start our day, and a companion to countless conversations. An estimated 2 billion cups of coffee are brewed every single day. Worldwide, millions of people depend on coffee for their livelihoods, yet many are unable to earn a reliable living from this beloved and valuable crop. BUY. $99.00. Trade. Trade also stocks the best and most gift-worthy coffee makers and equipment, like sleek kettles and classic french presses and handy accessories like cold brew bags and kitchen ...A Fair Trade coffee is a coffee brand certified through the Fairtrade International system. These coffee brands ethically source their raw products from farmers and hire workers for a fair wage. It is an international label that indicates high quality. Likewise, it symbolizes protection for growers and roasters against exploitation.Equator Coffees is a USDA Organic, Fair Trade certified coffee company. The brand has it all: instant coffees, bundles, cold coffees, espresso blends, single origins, decaf, various roasts, and more. It's also a certified B Corporation with a wealth of awards under its belt. 7. Maud's Coffee and Tea.We are the leading craft coffee and tea experts, providing delicious solutions for your team and clients. We believe delicious coffees, teas, and drinks have the power to transform the spaces people gather and collaborate. Supported by marketing, training, and equipment, a full-solutions coffee experience elevates your business for your team ...Thanks to the work of TransFair USA, Fair Trade coffee cooperatives receive a guaranteed minimum of $1.26 per pound for their coffee, plus a 15¢ per pound premium if it is also certified organic. The extra money raised by the participating growers goes a long way! Fair Trade Certified coffee is grown on small, family-run farms.Conversion. Coffee Price. Price. 1 Pound ≈ 0,453 Kilograms. Coffee Price Per 1 Kilogram. 4.17 USD. 1 Pound = 16 Ounces. Coffee Price Per 1 Ounce. 0.12 USD. Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world and one of the most traded commodities globally. The largest coffee producing countries are Brazil, Viet Nam and Colombia, while the European Union and the United States of America are the largest consuming and importing markets globally. Coffee is a growing market due in part to ... Our love letter to the craft coffee experience, this three-bag flight includes our most popular coffees from PT's Coffee Roasting Co. There’s magic in the simplicity of brewing great coffee at home, and anyone you gift this trio too will feel it, too. This gift box includes: 1 Standard Size (10.9 oz) bag of Flor Del Sol - Light-Medium Roast ... Although risky, investing in Bitcoin can yield massive returns. It can also result in massive losses. Here's how to invest in Bitcoin! Although risky, investing in Bitcoin can yiel...Civet coffee, made from coffee beans that have been eaten and partially digested by the weasel-like civet, will no longer be served at several five star hotels in Hong Kong because...
A standard shot is 1.5 ounces of liquid. However, in many alcoholic mixed drinks, 1.25 ounces of hard liquor is considered a shot. A shot of espresso is often considered to be 1 ou.... Chainsawman movie
W e spent over four weeks commandeering the office coffee pot, brewing over 50 pots and consuming about 400 cups to find that Verena Street – Mississippi Grogg is the best cheap coffee brand. This light-roast, fair trade and kosher brand out-brewed the competition, pleasing even our pickiest taste tester and receiving complements such as …If you're looking for an exciting alternative asset, investing in royalties might be a fun idea. Here's how to buy royalties for profit. Keep reading to learn what royalty investin...Sep 21, 2021 · Fair Trade Coffee For Your Morning Cup. As a massive commodity—particularly in the West—the coffee bean industry is one of the largest sites of forced labor around the world. The International Labor Organization estimates that there are 150+ million child slaves working to produce many of our everyday purchases such as coffee and cocoa. Coffee & Tea Fair Trade Organic Breakfast Blend. $8.99 /12 Oz. add to list. Coffee & Tea French Roast Whole Bean Coffee. $5.99 /13 Oz. add to list. Coffee & Tea Fairtrade Organic Five Country Blend. $6.99 /13 Oz. add to list. Coffee & Tea Organic Fair Trade Shade Grown Ethiopian Coffee. $8.99 /13 Oz. add to list.Description. Guatemala, Colombia or Sumatra. Product Code: 53283. Add to shopping list. Your shopping list is empty. Shop for Barissimo Fair Trade Single Origin Ground Coffee at ALDI. Discover quality beverages at affordable prices when you shop at ALDI. Learn more.Let’s say last week you caved and bought that fancy espresso machine you’ve been eyeballing. You’re happy and caffeinated, but then you see it’s $50 cheaper this week. Bummer. The ...Are you an espresso lover who enjoys a fresh, flavorful cup of coffee in the comfort of your own home? Look no further. In this article, we will dive into the world of coffee machi...Trade believes that every cup you drink should be the best damn coffee, period. Launched in 2018, we unite 50 of the nation’s top roasters directly with drinkers, matching them with one of our ...A coffee of the month club that curates amazing micro-lot coffees from around the world. Tanzania, Kenya, Colombia & beyond. ... We source premium single origin coffee from farms around the world and pay well above fair trade prices for the beans, helping to ensure ethically sustainable farming practices and the highest quality coffee year ... Direct trade specialty coffee roasted daily in Portland, Oregon and shipped fresh to your door. Coffees from Brazil, Guatemala, Peru, Nicaragua, and Ethiopia. Nossa Familia Coffee is a Portland, Oregon-based roaster that was founded in 2004 by Brazilian native Augusto Carneiro. This sweet, gooey sauce is packed with coffee flavor that’s delicious paired with pound cake or ice cream. Game plan: For a slacker solution, buy high-quality caramel sauce and whi...A.T. - PENNSYLVANIA. “World Trader Coffee’s small-batch roasting is your best bet for trying to get fresh roasted coffee at home. The life of fresh coffee lives by a general rule of 15’s. Green coffee beans will be good for 15 months before beginning to lose the wonderful flavor notes it started with.The coffee traded on the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) Futures contract in the U.S. is Arabica. The Robusta coffee beans trade at higher prices, in large part due to the demand from large, global customers including Sara Lee, Kraft, Proctor & Gamble, and Nestlé. These companies together purchase almost 50 percent of all coffee produced ...A standard shot is 1.5 ounces of liquid. However, in many alcoholic mixed drinks, 1.25 ounces of hard liquor is considered a shot. A shot of espresso is often considered to be 1 ou...The very first fair-trade coffee was an effort to import Guatemalan coffee into Europe as "Indio Solidarity Coffee". [157] Since the founding of organizations such as the European Fair Trade Association (1987), the production and consumption of fair trade coffee has grown as some local and national coffee chains started to offer fair trade ...Description. Guatemala, Colombia or Sumatra. Product Code: 53283. Add to shopping list. Your shopping list is empty. Shop for Barissimo Fair Trade Single Origin Ground Coffee at ALDI. Discover quality beverages at affordable prices when you shop at ALDI. Learn more.Blue Coffee Box beans are sourced directly from farmers and local cooperatives, using the Direct Trade method, which means farmers are paid 30% more than the fair trade prices. 2. John Farrer & Co ...W e spent over four weeks commandeering the office coffee pot, brewing over 50 pots and consuming about 400 cups to find that Verena Street – Mississippi Grogg is the best cheap coffee brand. This light-roast, fair trade and kosher brand out-brewed the competition, pleasing even our pickiest taste tester and receiving complements such as ….