Yuba College. (Marysville, CA) • Culinary Arts. • $1,124 Tuition Cost. • $982 Scholarship and Financial Aid Awards. • Suburban Campus Setting. Know the list of Best best culinary schools in california & know the cost of culinary school in Los Angeles & Other Southern California culinary collegaes.May 10, 2023 · Contact:+34 91 715 10 46. Another top Spanish culinary school on the list of Culinary Schools In Spain For International Students is the prestigious Le Cordon Blue Madrid School in Spain. This institution is among the leading culinary school in Spain,Le Cordon Blue Madrid was established in the year 1895. Yuba College. (Marysville, CA) • Culinary Arts. • $1,124 Tuition Cost. • $982 Scholarship and Financial Aid Awards. • Suburban Campus Setting. Know the list of Best best culinary schools in california & know the cost of culinary school in Los Angeles & Other Southern California culinary collegaes.Culinary schools in South Africa. ICA is one of the best Culinary schools in the heart of western cape Winelands, South Africa, with highly skilled and world-class chefs.The Institute of Culinary Arts has been in existence for over 25 years and is an Institution where food is taken more serious than anything.. You can agree with me that …Hence, there are huge chances of succeeding in the culinary industry with simply a Moraine Valley Community College degree. This is a good reason why it is one of the best Culinary schools in Chicago. 11. The International Culinary School At the Illinois Institute of Art-Chicago, Illinois.Sep 5, 2016 · Tuition: $17,250 to $29,950, varies by degree and campus. website: escoffier.edu. Both schools existed prior to becoming Auguste Escoffier schools: The Austin campus was founded in 2001 as the Culinary Academy of Austin, and the Boulder school began in 1994 as the Culinary School of the Rockies. Top 10 Best Cooking Schools Near Las Vegas, Nevada. 1. The International Culinary School. “Headed by Certified Master Chef Raymund Hoffmeister, the offers a an affordable and meaningful...” more. 2. Pastry Academy by Amaury Guichon. “I already felt like our instructor Chef Michel was extremely knowledgeable and provided information ...Average SAT score: 1160. Average ACT score: 22. MICA is a tiny private college in Baltimore that was one of the first art schools in the country. Since its founding in 1826, MICA has earned a reputation …1. Tsuji Culinary Institute. Study Program. Location: Osaka and Tokyo. One of the most prestigious culinary schools in Japan is Tsuji Culinary Institute and is our top pick. They have a substantial international student body. There are two specialized schools within the university.Abbie Culinary Arts Academy & Hospitality is the most prestigious culinary school in Nigeria, committed to providing the highest standard of culinary education that meets global standard. Our Programmes include Enthusiast and Professional Chef Diploma Courses in Culinary Arts, Baking & Pastry Arts, Catering & Event Management, Hospitality ...Institute of Culinary Education (NYC and LA) -- State of the Art Facilities -- The Institute of Culinary Education (ICE) is New York City's largest and most active center for culinary education. We rate ICE as one of the best Culinary Schools in America. Founded in 1975 by Peter Kump, the school offers highly regarded eight to 13-month career ...Debbie has trained in Europe's most prestigious culinary schools, including the Cordon Bleu in Paris and London, La Varenne in Burgundy, France and Avignonesi Culinary Center and Tenuta de Capezzana in the Tuscany region of Italy, the Emilia-Romangna region of Northern Italy, and most recently Southern Italy.Mar 1, 2022 ... 19 Best Culinary Schools in America · 1. Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts · 2. Culinary Institute of America · 3. Institute of Culinar...If you have a passion for cooking and aspire to become a professional chef, attending a culinary school can be a game-changer for your career. While mastering cooking techniques is...1. Culinary Institute of America (CIA): The Culinary Institute of America, with campuses in New York, California, and Texas, is one of the most prestigious culinary schools in the world. It offers a variety of programs, including culinary arts, baking and pastry arts, and culinary science, and provides students with hands-on training, industry ...FSR has selected America’s Top 20 culinary schools based on a number of criteria. First and foremost, the schools on our list offer programs that combine …Capsicum Culinary Studio is award-winning, and it is internationally rated as one of the best cooking schools in South Africa and Africa as a whole. Having won several local and international awards, the school has already gained a considerable reputation in the catering industry. The school has campuses in six different locations in South Africa.Located in Rondebosch, a suburb of Cape Town, Silwood offers a variety of cooking courses that will teach you everything from basic cooking techniques to advanced culinary skills. 10. Red Dish ...The Best Colleges for Culinary Arts ranking is based on key statistics and student reviews using data from the U.S. Department of Education. The ranking compares the top culinary schools in the U.S. This year's rankings have introduced an Economic Mobility Index, which measures the economic status change for low-income students.5. Australian Professional Skills Institute. Located on the west coast is one of Perth’s best schools for the culinary arts. They aim to be modern in their teaching approaches, offering small class sizes, up-to date techniques, quality ingredients, and chef teachers with industry knowledge.Belle’s Bakeshoppe. : Cheyenne, WY. Bell’s Bakeshoppe is one of Wyoming’s best culinary school alternatives for aspiring pastry chefs and bakers. The shop offers a variety of cookies, vegan/gluten-free pastries, cupcakes, cakes, and cookie kits. Bell’s Bakeshoppe also accepts custom orders for all occasions.Are you passionate about cooking and dreaming of a career in the culinary arts? If so, attending a reputable culinary school can be an excellent way to turn your passion into a pro... The Collin’s Culinary Arts program is fully accredited by the American Culinary Federation Education Foundation. Collin County Community College District. 3452 Spur 399. McKinney,Texas 75069. 972-548-6790. The Best Colleges for Culinary Arts ranking is based on key statistics and student reviews using data from the U.S. Department of Education. The ranking compares the top culinary schools in the U.S. This year's rankings have introduced an Economic Mobility Index, which measures the economic status change for low-income students. 9. Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts Named after the iconic French chef Auguste Escoffier, the Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts has locations in. both Austin, Texas, and Boulder, Colorado. Much like each of the other culinary schools we’ve mentioned in this list of the best culinary schools in America, the International Culinary Schools at the Art Institutes of Phoenix is one of the most popular programs in the U.S. With over 30 locations, the AI turns loose hundreds of highly trained chefs annually. The Phoenix campus offers a Bachelors degree in Culinary Management; and Associates degrees in Culinary Arts or Baking and Pastry Arts. 1. Le Cordon Bleu. Le Cordon Bleu is one of the renowned culinary schools that offers scholarships and financial aid to international students who are passionate about the culinary arts, the scholarship is offered to culinary students through an American Culinary Association: The James Beard Foundation. This foundation helps students who …Paris' Most Prestigious Culinary Schools. May 14, 2020. No doubt about it, Le Cordon Bleu is the most famous culinary school in the world. It's that quintessential institution that you just know, even before checking the place out yourself, trains the best of the best in the culinary world. The name alone garners a lot of respect and prestige.By BCS StaffMarch 2021 With over 26,000 restaurants and drinking establishments, and more than 560,000 people employed, Pennsylvania has one of the most thriving culinary scenes in the country. And according to …Topkraft Culinary Academy is the most prestigious culinary school in Nigeria, committed to providing the highest standard of culinary education that meets global standard. Read More. Our Programmes include Enthusiast and Professional Chef Diploma Courses in Culinary Arts, Baking & Pastry Arts, Catering & Event Management, Hospitality …Most high schools have all of their yearbooks available in the school library, though they do not typically allow for them to be checked out. Classmates.com has yearbooks dating ba...The Culinary Institute of America is one of the most prestigious culinary schools in the United States. The school prides itself on being the best tutor in the culinary academy. They’re a blend of traditional college life and technical programs, with several extracurricular activities. That’s why we know how they’ve earned a well-deserved ...4. B.H.M.S culinary arts school Lucerne. B.H.M.S culinary arts school Lucerne is one of the best culinary schools in Switzerland for international students who are interested in attending a culinary school in Switzerland in pursuit of a culinary career, this culinary school has a solid culinary education which makes it an ideal culinary …According to the National Restaurant Association, the culinary industry in Ohio provides over 585,000 jobs, and brings in $24.2 billion in revenue each year. The industry is projected to grow by 9.1% by 2029, with over 53,000 new jobs being created. Earning a culinary degree by a reputable school is a great way to position yourself for a successful and …Compare the top culinary programs in the country based on quality, cost, and reputation. Learn about the benefits of online and on-campus learning, degree options, … Cuisine Diploma. Paris. The Cuisine Diploma, a comprehensive and rigorous training programme, is made up of three levels: Basic, Intermediate and Superior. This cuisine chef programme is based on high-level teaching which is distinguished by teachings and demonstrations carried out by Chefs of recognized experience and the supervised individual ... May 28, 2021 ... The world's largest and arguably most well-known as one of the best cooking schools in the world, Le Cordon Bleu, was established in France in ...May 14, 2023 ... The American Culinary Federation (ACF) is the main certifying body in the culinary industry. They offer 16 professional certifications, which ...Blairsville & Currahee. North Georgia Technical College has two campuses with culinary arts programs, Currahee Campus and Blairsville Campus. NGT features a culinary program accredited by the American Culinary Federation. This top culinary school had a 2015 job placement rate of 100% at the Blairsville Campus and 94% at the Currahee Campus.Sep 4, 2015 · Le Cordon Bleu. With a reputation the world over for culinary excellence Le Cordon Bleu is the largest hospitality education institution with over fifty schools and 20,000 students worldwide. Located in Bloomsbury Square, just two minutes from London’s Holborn station, students don’t have far to go for culinary inspiration or even potential ... Instituto Paul Bocuse – Lyon, France: Named after the legendary chef Paul Bocuse, this institute carries forward his culinary legacy. Situated in Lyon, often referred to as the “food capital of France,” it offers programs that combine tradition with innovation. Instituto Paul Bocuse is one of the Top Culinary Schools in The World!Are you passionate about cooking and dream of a successful career in the culinary industry? Look no further than Escoffier Online, a leading online culinary school that can help yo...Get in Touch. #42, 5th Avenue, Eli Building, Barangay Socorro, Cubao, Quezon City. [email protected]. (02) 89115122/ 0917-801-9506. MOST Institute is a TESDA accredited culinary school that offers 6 …This list of the 10 best colleges in Canada includes information that may help you choose your school. If you’re looking for a prestigious place to learn in Canada, one of these 10...Culinary Institute of America at Hyde Park. The Culinary Institute of America was founded in …Food Trends. We asked 100s of chefs if choosing to attend culinary school is worth it. More than 70% said yes! So, if you’re prepping for a cooking career in …1. Le Cordon Bleu. Le Cordon Bleu is one of the renowned culinary schools that offers scholarships and financial aid to international students who are passionate about the culinary arts, the scholarship is offered to culinary students through an American Culinary Association: The James Beard Foundation. This foundation helps students who …Nov 21, 2023 · Since 1983, Stratford’s chef school has been building a reputation as one of the best places in Canada to learn the craft of cooking. This not-for-profit institution counts many successful Canadian chefs among its graduates and can be credited for helping to elevate Canada’s culinary scene over the last 40 years. 1. Tsuji Culinary Institute. Study Program. Location: Osaka and Tokyo. One of the most prestigious culinary schools in Japan is Tsuji Culinary Institute and is our top pick. They have a substantial international student body. There are two specialized schools within the university. 627 reviews. Sophomore: Rowan College at Burlington County is a great option for students who want to save money. The school even offers a 3+1 program for select majors which is 3 years at RCBC and 1 year at Rowan University. The campus is very people-friendly, especially the student success center. Are you passionate about cooking? Do you dream of becoming a professional chef and mastering the culinary arts? If so, attending a reputable culinary art school is a crucial step t...All of this makes Canada an exciting destination for culinary studies. The best culinary schools in Canada, 2020. ... Le Cordon Bleu Ottawa is part of the 125-years old prestigious school network that has trained more than 20,000 students in its 35 institutes spread across 20 countries. You may opt for the Cuisine diploma program to …It can take them four semesters to finish the courses. Long Beach City College’s Associate in Science in Culinary Arts program only costs $4,988 for four semesters. Long Beach City College makes its home in Long Beach, known for its signature dishes, from tacos to pizza.Four Chefs Weigh In. Chefs discuss whether culinary school opened doors that would have otherwise been closed. Everyone knows culinary schools are expensive — especially top private ones like ...Established in the 1980s, the International Hotel & Management School is thought to be one of the best culinary schools in the world and has been given many prestigious awards. The culinary school has trained over 30,000 people and offers both part-time and full-time programs that include a WSQ Diploma in Food Services, Diploma …Four Chefs Weigh In. Chefs discuss whether culinary school opened doors that would have otherwise been closed. Everyone knows culinary schools are expensive — especially top private ones like ...Top Culinary Schools in 2022 ; Saddleback College, Mission Viejo, CA. 2 ; Mitchell Technical College, Mitchell, SD. 2 ; Southern New Hampshire University ...Paris' Most Prestigious Culinary Schools. May 14, 2020. No doubt about it, Le Cordon Bleu is the most famous culinary school in the world. It's that quintessential institution that you just know, even before checking the place out yourself, trains the best of the best in the culinary world. The name alone garners a lot of respect and prestige.1. Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts, United States. Culinary Arts Program Link. Degrees Offered: Bachelor’s. Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts is one of the best culinary arts schools in the world. It has two different campuses to choose from and even has online learning for its students.The Best Colleges for Culinary Arts ranking is based on key statistics and student reviews using data from the U.S. Department of Education. The ranking compares the top culinary schools in the U.S. This year's rankings have introduced an Economic Mobility Index, which measures the economic status change for low-income students.A few examples of vocational training school programs are skilled trades; beauty or cosmetology; business and office administration; culinary arts; and health care. Private trade o...Philippine Culinary Cup. Date: August 2, 2023 to August 5, 2023. Time: 8:00 AM - 6:00 PM CET UTC+02. Location: Pasay, Philippines / Onsite Event. The Philippine Culinary Cup has become the most prestigious culinary competition in the Philippines. PCC takes on an even bigger role in providing the Filipino chefs with an internationally … Founded in Paris in 1895, Le Cordon Bleu culinary school occupies a unique place in the history of culinary arts as one of the oldest and most prestigious cooking schools in the world. While you probably associate the name Le Cordon Bleu with rigorous training in the art of French haute cuisine, here are a few things you may not know about this ... Belle’s Bakeshoppe. : Cheyenne, WY. Bell’s Bakeshoppe is one of Wyoming’s best culinary school alternatives for aspiring pastry chefs and bakers. The shop offers a variety of cookies, vegan/gluten-free pastries, cupcakes, cakes, and cookie kits. Bell’s Bakeshoppe also accepts custom orders for all occasions.Center for Culinary Arts. Inaugurated in 1996 as the country’s very first culinary education institution, the Center for Culinary Arts is arguably the most well-known culinary school in the Philippines. As such, the institution offers a good assortment of diploma courses and short courses that rigorously train aspiring chefs.The Best Colleges for Culinary Arts ranking is based on key statistics and student reviews using data from the U.S. Department of Education. The ranking compares the top culinary schools in the U.S. This year's rankings have introduced an Economic Mobility Index, which measures the economic status change for low-income students.Florida State College at Jacksonville also offers state-of-the-art culinary facilities for students to practice and perfect their techniques. Students at this top culinary school have the opportunity for additional professional development through multiple internship experiences. #3. Gulf Coast State College.See how the top national universities rank at U.S. News. Find rankings for the best national universities in the U.S.The Best Colleges for Culinary Arts ranking is based on key statistics and student reviews using data from the U.S. Department of Education. The ranking compares the top culinary schools in the U.S. This year's rankings have introduced an Economic Mobility Index, which measures the economic status change for low-income students.The Best Colleges for Culinary Arts ranking is based on key statistics and student reviews using data from the U.S. Department of Education. The ranking compares the top culinary schools in the U.S. This year's rankings have introduced an Economic Mobility Index, which measures the economic status change for low-income students.Top 10 Best Cooking Schools Near Las Vegas, Nevada. 1. The International Culinary School. “Headed by Certified Master Chef Raymund Hoffmeister, the offers a an affordable and meaningful...” more. 2. Pastry Academy by Amaury Guichon. “I already felt like our instructor Chef Michel was extremely knowledgeable and provided information ...Get in Touch. #42, 5th Avenue, Eli Building, Barangay Socorro, Cubao, Quezon City. [email protected]. (02) 89115122/ 0917-801-9506. MOST Institute is a TESDA accredited culinary school that offers 6 …Established in the 1980s, the International Hotel & Management School is thought to be one of the best culinary schools in the world and has been given many prestigious awards. The culinary school has trained over 30,000 people and offers both part-time and full-time programs that include a WSQ Diploma in Food Services, Diploma …Houston Community College offers both certificates for bakers, prep cooks, and pastry cooks and an associate of applied science in culinary arts. Their culinary arts degree prepares students for leadership positions in the food industry. Houston Community College. 3100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77002. 713-718-2000. Such study tracks facilitate technical learning, but still impart the mobility advantages of traditional 4-year college degrees. Johnson and Wales University operates one of the better known programs. Associate’s in Applied Science Culinary Arts degrees provide the most travelled paths for culinary professionals. Center for Culinary Arts. Inaugurated in 1996 as the country’s very first culinary education institution, the Center for Culinary Arts is arguably the most well-known culinary school in the Philippines. As such, the institution offers a good assortment of diploma courses and short courses that rigorously train aspiring chefs.Hattori College of Nutrition, Japan. This is one of the most renowned culinary schools in Asia and is one of the best options for any aspiring culinarian in Japan. This school offers culinary courses with a dietary education based on Shokuiku. The goal of this school is to teach students who will become chefs who will prepare only tasty dishes.Students who complete the program are prepared to begin a two or four-year degree program in culinary arts. Post-secondary students earn a 900-hour certificate than can be used toward a state apprenticeship program as either a chef or a baker. #3. Norwalk Community College.See how the top national universities rank at U.S. News. Find rankings for the best national universities in the U.S.2. Le Cordon Bleu. Created in 1895, this prestigious culinary school now offers a network of 50 schools on five continents enrolling 20,000 students annually. Each school offers its own list of culinary short courses and demonstrations; find your level via 1, 2, or 3 mushrooms beside each option. International Culinary Schools at the Art Institutes of Phoenix is one of the most popular programs in the U.S. With over 30 locations, the AI turns loose hundreds of highly trained chefs annually. The Phoenix campus offers a Bachelors degree in Culinary Management; and Associates degrees in Culinary Arts or Baking and Pastry Arts. Established in the 1980s, the International Hotel & Management School is thought to be one of the best culinary schools in the world and has been given many prestigious awards. The culinary school has trained over 30,000 people and offers both part-time and full-time programs that include a WSQ Diploma in Food Services, Diploma …1. Culinary Institute of America (CIA): The Culinary Institute of America, with campuses in New York, California, and Texas, is one of the most prestigious culinary schools in the world. It offers a variety of programs, including culinary arts, baking and pastry arts, and culinary science, and provides students with hands-on training, industry ...Scholarships and Fees: Culinary Arts. Cost of tuition : $36,120 – $41,305 for entire program. Pastry & Baking Arts. Cost of tuition : $34,100 – $40,620 for entire program. 3. The Culinary Institute of New York, Bronx, N …
9. Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts Named after the iconic French chef Auguste Escoffier, the Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts has locations in. both Austin, Texas, and Boulder, Colorado. Much like each of the other culinary schools we’ve mentioned in this list of the best culinary schools in America, the . Ps portal gamestop
Food Trends. We asked 100s of chefs if choosing to attend culinary school is worth it. More than 70% said yes! So, if you’re prepping for a cooking career in …By BCS StaffMarch 2021 The culinary industry in South Carolina plays a major role in the economy. Each year, residents and tourists spend over $10.7 billion in South Carolina restaurants. There are over 234,000 restaurant and foodservice jobs, with another 31,300 jobs expected to be added by 2029. Restaurant owners and hiring managers look for […]Founded in Paris in 1895, Le Cordon Bleu culinary school occupies a unique place in the history of culinary arts as one of the oldest and most prestigious cooking schools in the world. While you probably associate the name Le Cordon Bleu with rigorous training in the art of French haute cuisine, here are a few things you may not know about this ...5. Australian Professional Skills Institute. Located on the west coast is one of Perth’s best schools for the culinary arts. They aim to be modern in their teaching approaches, offering small class sizes, up-to date techniques, quality ingredients, and chef teachers with industry knowledge.A few examples of vocational training school programs are skilled trades; beauty or cosmetology; business and office administration; culinary arts; and health care. Private trade o...Capsicum Culinary Studio is award-winning, and it is internationally rated as one of the best cooking schools in South Africa and Africa as a whole. Having won several local and international awards, the school has already gained a considerable reputation in the catering industry. The school has campuses in six different locations in South Africa.10. The Culinary Institute of America Hyde Park, NY. The Culinary Institute of America is a private college and culinary school in the United States that focuses on teaching culinary, baking, pastry arts, and more. Since its establishment in 1946, the institute has grown to become one of the most renowned culinary schools in the world.Yuba College. (Marysville, CA) • Culinary Arts. • $1,124 Tuition Cost. • $982 Scholarship and Financial Aid Awards. • Suburban Campus Setting. Know the list of Best best culinary schools in california & know the cost of culinary school in Los Angeles & Other Southern California culinary collegaes.Founded in Paris in 1895, Le Cordon Bleu culinary school occupies a unique place in the history of culinary arts as one of the oldest and most prestigious cooking schools in the world. While you probably associate the name Le Cordon Bleu with rigorous training in the art of French haute cuisine, here are a few things you may not know about this ...Are you passionate about cooking? Do you dream of becoming a professional chef and mastering the culinary arts? If so, attending a reputable culinary art school is a crucial step t...1. Culinary Institute of America (CIA): The Culinary Institute of America, with campuses in New York, California, and Texas, is one of the most prestigious culinary schools in the world. It offers a variety of programs, including culinary arts, baking and pastry arts, and culinary science, and provides students with hands-on training, industry ...Type of School and Degree Program. There are two primary types of culinary arts schools: community colleges and private institutions. Of the two, community colleges almost always offer cheaper tuition costs. Most of them also offer Associate degrees exclusively. While this is a great option for students seeking the reliability of state …May 14, 2020 · Paris' Most Prestigious Culinary Schools. May 14, 2020. No doubt about it, Le Cordon Bleu is the most famous culinary school in the world. It's that quintessential institution that you just know, even before checking the place out yourself, trains the best of the best in the culinary world. The name alone garners a lot of respect and prestige. The Best Colleges for Culinary Arts ranking is based on key statistics and student reviews using data from the U.S. Department of Education. The ranking compares the top culinary schools in the U.S. This year's rankings have introduced an Economic Mobility Index, which measures the economic status change for low-income students.5. New York’s Institute of Culinary Education. The New York Institute of Culinary Education is one of the best culinary schools in the world. It is located in New York, NY. The school offers various culinary courses including a culinary arts diploma, bachelor’s degree programs, and an associate’s degree program.Oct 10, 2023 · 4. Institut Paul Bocuse. 5. Lenôtre Paris. 1. Le Cordon Bleu Paris. I had to start with this one. Imagine walking through the doors of Le Cordon Bleu Paris, where culinary history and innovation merge seamlessly. This legendary institution, founded in 1895, is not just a pastry school but an epicenter of culinary artistry. How much does culinary school cost? A full-time diploma might cost £35,700; while a short, day-course might be as low as £65. The full-time course fee can be viewed in this way: it is about a year’s salary of a multi-decade career, making it a long-term investment. Additionally, you will be gaining in-demand, transferable skills, and ...Study under the guidance of some of the best faculty in degrees such as: Associates Baking and Pastry Arts, Associates Culinary Arts, Bachelors Culinary Arts/Food Service Management, Bachelors Culinary Nutrition. Johnson and Wales University. 7150 Montview Boulevard, Denver, Colorado 80220. Phone: (877) 598-3368.Blairsville & Currahee. North Georgia Technical College has two campuses with culinary arts programs, Currahee Campus and Blairsville Campus. NGT features a culinary program accredited by the American Culinary Federation. This top culinary school had a 2015 job placement rate of 100% at the Blairsville Campus and 94% at the Currahee Campus.Feb 6, 2023 · address: 1946 Campus Dr, Hyde Park, NY 12538, United States. Contact: +1 845-452-9600. 2. The Institute of Culinary Education. Shrimp Dish photo by. Mister Mister- Pexels. One of the most well-known culinary schools in New York was established in 1975 and is called the Institute of Culinary Education. Aug 29, 2022 ... 10 Best Culinary Schools In Africa · 1. Institute Of Culinary Arts, South Africa · 2. Styda Culinary Academy, Warri, Nigeria · 3. The ....