Black bears almost never dig out ground squirrels like grizzlies do. The digging is mostly limited to making dens and getting insects or tubers from just below the ground surface. For the first few weeks of spring, the primary diet is leaves, buds, flowers, and young plants. Black bears digest mainly the tender, juicy plant parts.An estimated 800,000 black bears roam the continent, slowly returning to many of their old haunts. Three success stories highlight the resurgence of the up-to-600-pound (270-kilogram) omnivores ... Summary. North American Black bear diet will depend on the season and food available. These animals are omnivores and enjoy nibbling anything, including plants, insects, meat, carrion, and even human leftovers. Male bears are sometimes cannibals when there is not enough food in their habitat. Jun 3, 2022 · Asiatic Black Bear Diet. Asiatic Black Bears are found throughout Asia, from India to China and Russia. Asiatic Black Bears are omnivorous, meaning they eat both plants and animals. Their diet consists of a wide variety of items, including fruits, nuts, honey, insects, small mammals, and carrion. They have been known to raid human settlements ... Asiatic Black Bear Diet. Asiatic Black Bears are found throughout Asia, from India to China and Russia. Asiatic Black Bears are omnivorous, meaning they eat both plants and animals.Their diet consists of a wide variety of items, including fruits, nuts, honey, insects, small mammals, and carrion.They have been known to raid human …Diet. Grizzly bears are omnivores. The most commonly eaten kinds of plants are fleshy roots, fruits, berries, grasses, and forbs. If grizzly bears are on the hunt, their prey can include fish (especially salmon), rodents like ground squirrels, carrion, and hoofed animals like moose, elk, caribou, and deer.They are especially good at catching the young of … They have round ears perched on broad heads. The muzzle tapers in, and is quite narrow compared to the large skull. Adult males stand up to 8 ft. tall, but the average is closer to 4.5 ft. long. Males weigh 126 – 551 lbs. on average, and females weigh 90 – 375 lbs. on average. Asian black bears are not as specialized in their diet as pandas are: while pandas depend on a constant supply of low calorie, yet abundant foodstuffs, black bears are more opportunistic and have opted for a nutritional boom-or-bust economy. They thus gorge themselves on a variety of seasonal high calorie foods, storing the excess calories as ...Instead, black bears devote a great portion of their scavenging to nuts, vegetables, and even honey from beehives. Arguably the most interesting part of the black bear diet is their attraction to honey. In pop culture, this has inspired stereotypes such as Winnie the Pooh carrying around beehives in an effort to salvage honey from them, but ...In wilderness areas, the diet of the black bear is about 95 per cent vegetation and about 5 per cent insects, mammals and birds. These percentages can vary dramatically when the bears come in contact with humans. Then garbage, grain crops, honey bees and even domestic livestock may be consumed.Black bears were once restricted to remote areas and reached very low population levels in the mid-1900s. Today, black bears are found approximately 60% of the total land area of North Carolina. The black bear is an omnivore with a diet of both plants and animals.Black bears have a chunky body, small black eyes, a broad head, rounded ears, a short tail, and a fine, long pelage. Typically, they have uniformly black fur, except for a tan muzzle and a white V on the chest. The feet are flat-soled (plantigrade), with naked pads and five toes with relatively short curved claws.The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is similar to the brown bear in that they have an omnivorous diet, consuming a wide range of seasonally and regionally available foods diverse in macronutrient composition (Furusaka et al., 2017; Hwang, Garshelis, & Wang, 2002; Hyugens et al., 2003; Schaller et al., 1989). The macronutrient preferences ...The most carnivorous bear is the polar bear. Its diet consists almost entirely of meat, especially that of seals. ... Notes: The Asian black bear is closely related to the American black bear, and the two species are similar in size and appearance. The Asian bear, like the sun bear and sloth bear, has a pale marking on its chest.Let's look at breadth on the S&P 500, the put/call ratio, the bonds, the overbought market, and more. Thursday had something for both the bulls and the bears. Let's sta...Because of their versatile diet, black bears can live in a variety of habitat types. They inhabit both coniferous and deciduous forests, as well as open alpine habitats. They typically don't occur on …Black bears were once restricted to remote areas and reached very low population levels in the mid-1900s. Today, black bears are found approximately 60% of the total land area of North Carolina. The black bear is an omnivore with a diet of both plants and animals.Black bears can be found in a variety of habitats across North America from Canada to Mexico. They predominantly live in forests, where they can find ample food, water, shelter, and protection. Black bears tend to thrive in rugged, high-elevation terrain, like mountain ranges. Explore the fascinating world of black bears, from their diet ...The Japanese black bear ( Ursus thibetanus japonicus ) is a subspecies of the Asian black bear that lives on two main islands of Japan: Honshu and Shikoku. There are said to be 10,000 black bears in Japan. The population of black bears on Shikoku is endangered at less than 30 individuals and the last confirmed sighting of a bear on the island ... The Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger) is a subspecies of the Asian black bear found in the Himalayas of India, Bhutan, Nepal, China, and Pakistan. Carnivore A carnivore meaning 'meat eater' is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of a... Black bea rs are omnivores. Insects and animal matter are less than 10% of the annual black bear diet around Ely and across most of North America. Vegetation is the mainstay of a black bear’s diet. They follow different nutrient concentrations, eating different plants and plant parts in different seasons. Black bears almost never dig out ground squirrels like grizzlies do. The digging is mostly limited to making dens and getting insects or tubers from just below the ground surface. For the first few weeks of spring, the primary diet is leaves, buds, flowers, and young plants. Black bears digest mainly the tender, juicy plant parts. The Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is similar to the brown bear in that they have an omnivorous diet, consuming a wide range of seasonally and regionally available foods diverse in macronutrient composition (Furusaka et al., 2017; Hwang, Garshelis, & Wang, 2002; Hyugens et al., 2003; Schaller et al., 1989). The macronutrient …Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) have a widespread distribution in mountain landscapes, and are considered vulnerable globally, but are low-priority species for conservation in Nepal. Habitat fragmentation, illegal hunting, and human-bear conflict are the major threats to Asiatic black bears across their global range. Having an adequate …Black bears lack the ability to adequately regulate their body temperature in hot weather, so will dig shallow pits in muddy, wet areas (wallows) to roll and lounge in to keep cool. • See Map. Diet: Omnivorous, the black bear diet consists of about 75% plant/vegetable matter and 25% animal matter. Black bears eat tremendous daily amounts of ...Nov 21, 2023 · The black bear diet consists of more than 85 percent of plant matter, including berries, flowers, herbs, tubers, nuts, and roots. The remaining 15 percent constitutes food of animal origins such ... The Balochistan (or Baluchistan) black bear ( Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus ) is a subspecies of the Asian black bear occurring in the Balochistan Mountains of southern Pakistan and Iran. It has an unusually thin coat for an Asian black bear, but this is because it is found in a warmer climate than most of the other subspecies, which are found ...Follow these travel-friendly diet and lifestyle tips that will help support weight loss for the frequent traveler. As a nutritionist, one of the most frequently asked questions fro...16 Types of Black Bears: Ursus americanus altifrontalis – This species can be found in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. U. a. amblyceps – These bears live in the Southwestern U.S. U. a. americanus – This species of black bear cover a larger range, from the Atlantic to Alaska. U. a. californiensis – It may be obvious from their name, and ...Although the black bear is in the carnivora order, it is really an omnivore, and most of its diet is made up of plants. It eats twigs, buds, leaves, nuts, roots ...Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (glucose) that starts during pregnancy. Eating a balanced, healthy diet can help you manage gestational diabetes. The diet recommendations ...Non-interest-bearing debt is also referred to as “non-interest-bearing current liability” or NIBCL. It is, simply, debt that does not require any interest payments. Most debt peopl...Across the majority of their range, plant matter is the primary diet item of American black bears with the remainder of their diet being composed of …Learn about the American black bear (Ursus americanus), a medium-sized bear endemic to North America. Find out its appearance, distribution, behavior, …Mar 24, 2018 · American Black Bear Diet. The American black bear is a generalist, opportunistic omnivore; in other words it will eat just about whatever plants or meat it can get its paws on! The bear is extremely adaptable, and its diet varies from region to region. Plant matter forms the majority of the American black bear’s diet. Black bea rs are omnivores. Insects and animal matter are less than 10% of the annual black bear diet around Ely and across most of North America. Vegetation is the mainstay of a black bear’s diet. They follow different nutrient concentrations, eating different plants and plant parts in different seasons. Dec 17, 2021 · Male black bears tend to be anywhere from 20 to 60% larger than female black bears. Males generally weigh between 125 to 500 pounds, while females weigh in at about 90 to 300 lbs. The average black bear will weigh between 150 to 600 pounds, or even more in some cases. In terms of length, an adult black bear can have a total standing size of 3 to 7 feet. Furthermore, black bears are long-lived species with a lifespan of approximately 15 – 25 years when living in the wild, and up to 30 years when in captivity.Black bears are omnivores that eat grass, berries, fish, mammals, and honeycomb. They use their sense of smell and vision to find their food and are n…Diet. Grizzly bears are omnivores. The most commonly eaten kinds of plants are fleshy roots, fruits, berries, grasses, and forbs. If grizzly bears are on the hunt, their prey can include fish (especially salmon), rodents like ground squirrels, carrion, and hoofed animals like moose, elk, caribou, and deer.They are especially good at catching the young of …Times are changing. So is Diet Pepsi, which will now be sweetened with sucralose. Hot on the heels of Kraft’s announcement that it is taking artificial dyes out of Macaroni & Chees...Black bears almost never dig out ground squirrels like grizzlies do. The digging is mostly limited to making dens and getting insects or tubers from just below the ground surface. For the first few weeks of spring, the primary diet is leaves, buds, flowers, and young plants. Black bears digest mainly the tender, juicy plant parts.Diet. Black bears are opportunistic omnivores, meaning that they eat almost any type of food. Some common foods are berries, grasses, insects, nuts, acorns, corn, and sometimes small mammals (Rogers 1976, McDonald and Fuller 2005, Elowe and Dodge 2007, Tri et al. 2016). Unfortunately, bears have also learned that bird feeders, deer …The black bear is a bulky and thickset mammal. Approximately 150 cm long and with a height at the shoulder that varies from 100 to 120 cm, an adult black bear has a moderate-sized head with a rather straight facial profile and a tapered nose with long nostrils. The ears are …While bear diet composition shows substantial variation (Costello et al., 2016; Ditmer et al., 2016), most reported American black bear diets are dominated not by arthropods but by energy-rich fruits and seeds supplemented by herbaceous biomass (Fortin et al., 2013; Graber & White, 1983).Fecal samples were examined to estimate black bear (Ursus americanus) diet in northeastern Oregon during 1998 and 1999 to determine the important food items. Mean estimated relative volume of food ...The most carnivorous bear is the polar bear. Its diet consists almost entirely of meat, especially that of seals. ... Notes: The Asian black bear is closely related to the American black bear, and the two species are similar in size and appearance. The Asian bear, like the sun bear and sloth bear, has a pale marking on its chest.In the context of reducing human–bear conflict, understanding potential foraging variation within a bear population yields insights into differences in foraging strategy according to an individual's sex and age. Stable isotope analyses reveal information regarding assimilated dietary components. To confirm the foraging variation of Asian …Diet. Black bears are opportunistic omnivores, meaning that they eat almost any type of food. Some common foods are berries, grasses, insects, nuts, acorns, corn, and sometimes small mammals (Rogers 1976, McDonald and Fuller 2005, Elowe and Dodge 2007, Tri et al. 2016). Unfortunately, bears have also learned that bird feeders, deer feeders ... SUNY ESFAmerican Black Bear. American Black Bear. Shaggy black fur and large size distinguish this animal from all other Adirondack mammals. The black bear has a short, inconspicuous tail. The body and legs are short. The head is broad with erect, rounded ears. The muzzle, grizzled with brown, is long and narrow. The eyes are small and dark. We examined black bear diet throughout their range in Colorado, USA. Black bears occupy the western two-thirds of the state, in the Southern Rocky Mountains, which is a complex patchwork of land use types consisting of forests, agricultural lands, and urban developments. Black bears are hunted throughout their range from September–January ...The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), also known as the Indian black bear, Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle. It lives in the Himalayas, southeastern Iran, the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, Mainland Southeast Asia, the Korean …Black bears almost never dig out ground squirrels like grizzlies do. The digging is mostly limited to making dens and getting insects or tubers from just below the ground surface. For the first few weeks of spring, the primary diet is leaves, buds, flowers, and young plants. Black bears digest mainly the tender, juicy plant parts.Jan 1, 2022 · The diet of the American black bear varies by sex and age class. They also vary seasonally and geographically reflecting food availability. Across the majority of their range, plant matter is the primary diet item of American black bears with the remainder of their diet being composed of animal matter, primarily insects (e.g., beetles (Coleoptera) and ants (Formicidae)), small mammals, and ... Bears find food mainly by scent. They are opportunistic feeders, with a largely vegetarian diet. Common foods are fruit (including large amounts of berries) ...The black bear's diet changes seasonally, and includes berries, acorns, beechnuts, skunk cabbage, grass and carrion. Favorite den sites for hibernation include rock cavities, hollow trees, excavation dens or ground nests. During hibernation, a black bear does not eat, drink, urinate or defecate, and will lose up to thirty percent of its body ...We examined black bear diet throughout their range in Colorado, USA. Black bears occupy the western two-thirds of the state, in the Southern Rocky Mountains, which is a complex patchwork of land use types consisting of forests, agricultural lands, and urban developments. Black bears are hunted throughout their range from September–January ...The diet of a black bear is very dependent on the habitat type that they occupy and the seasons of the year. Black bears mostly feed on fruit, nuts, plants and honey but will also eat young mammals such as deer fawns as well as feeding on carrion. They will also readily eat insects such as ants and bees when they are swarming and occasionally ...A hybrid of the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) and the Asiatic black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus) born at the Maracay Zoological Park, Venezuela. Memoria de La Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 41 (December): 143 – 148. Google Scholar. Nakamura, S., Okano, T., Shibata, H., et al. ( 2008 ).They eat a variety of plant matter throughout the growing season, including early greening grasses, clover, and the buds of hardwood trees in the spring, fruits ...American black bears emerge from hibernation in spring simultaneous with increased human visitation to American black bear habitat. Although generally reclusive, American black bears will forage where food is available, including in areas frequented by humans, so human–black bear encounters begin occurring around this time.Black bear habitat is forestland, usually with deciduous and coniferous trees, as well as early successional habitat (fields, young forests, etc.), streams, and ...Today—the first day of the new year—is also probably the first day of your diet. Just know that whether you’re drinking protein or modeling meals after cavemen, someone is cashing ...Diet of the Black Bear These bears are omnivores, which means that they will eat both plant and animal matter. Depending on the season, and the age of the bear, …Let's look at breadth on the S&P 500, the put/call ratio, the bonds, the overbought market, and more. Thursday had something for both the bulls and the bears. Let's sta...Bears are called omnivores because they eat both plant and animals. A Florida black bear's diet varies, but usually consists of 73% plants, 22% insects, and 5% animal matter. The vegetative part of their diet is made up of grasses and leaves, as well as mast. Hard mast is the fruit of forest trees like acorns, hickory and other nuts, while soft ... Diet. Grizzly bears are omnivores. The most commonly eaten kinds of plants are fleshy roots, fruits, berries, grasses, and forbs. If grizzly bears are on the hunt, their prey can include fish (especially salmon), rodents like ground squirrels, carrion, and hoofed animals like moose, elk, caribou, and deer. They are especially good at catching ... If you have diabetes, healthy eating helps keep your blood sugar in your target range. Learn how you can still have great tasting food with diabetes. If you have diabetes, your blo...Non-interest-bearing debt is also referred to as “non-interest-bearing current liability” or NIBCL. It is, simply, debt that does not require any interest payments. Most debt peopl...Lean black bears can run at speeds of up to 30 or 35 miles per hour. Black bears are very agile, excellent swimmers and climbers, and can run uphill and downhill.Bear Necessities: Diet and Feeding Habits. Black Bears have a versatile diet. They are omnivorous, which means they eat both plants and animals. In the spring and summer, they graze on vegetation ...Omnivorous Nature of Black Bears. Black bears are omnivores, a dietary classification highlighting their ability to consume both plant and animal …The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus) is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia. ... Diet and Nutrition Asiatic black bears are omnivores. They mainly eat fruit, berries, seeds, nuts, honey, grasses, invertebrates, fish, birds, rodents, and …Black bears are incredibly intelligent, curious, and powerful animals. They are fast sprinters, agile climbers, excellent swimmers, and quick learners with an extraordinary sense of smell — and a huge appetite! The average Yosemite bear weighs 150 (female) to 250 (male) pounds and has an average lifespan of 18 years in the wild.Jan 1, 2022 · The diet of the American black bear varies by sex and age class. They also vary seasonally and geographically reflecting food availability. Across the majority of their range, plant matter is the primary diet item of American black bears with the remainder of their diet being composed of animal matter, primarily insects (e.g., beetles (Coleoptera) and ants (Formicidae)), small mammals, and ... Diet. Photo credit: Morten Ekker Polar bears are the most carnivorous of all the bear species. They metabolize fat more efficiently than protein, and their energy-rich diet enables them to have a larger body size than other bears. Polar bears feed primarily on ringed seals, but will also eat bearded seals, harp seals, hooded and harbor seals ...Common Names: Florida black bear. Order: Carnivora. Basic Animal Group: Mammal. Size: 5 to 6 feet long and 3 to 3.5 feet high at the shoulder. Weight: 250 to 300 pounds for males and 130 to 180 pounds for females. Life Span: 15 to 25 years for males and up to 30 years for females. Diet: Berries, acorns, fruit, grass, nuts, honey, insects, deer ...Instead, black bears devote a great portion of their scavenging to nuts, vegetables, and even honey from beehives. Arguably the most interesting part of the black bear diet is their attraction to honey. In pop culture, this has inspired stereotypes such as Winnie the Pooh carrying around beehives in an effort to salvage honey from them, but ...Black bears are omnivores and eat a varied diet that includes berries, nuts, insects, small mammals, fish, and plants. This adaptable diet makes them essential to their ecosystems—they help control plant populations and disperse seeds, which is crucial for forest regeneration. Though black bears are typically solitary and prefer to live alone ...Asiatic black bear, member of the family Ursidae found from southern Iran to the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, and eastern Asia. It has a glossy black coat with a whitish crescent-shaped mark on the chest. It is omnivorous, eating insects, fruits and nuts, honey, small mammals, birds, domestic animals, and carrion.Instead, black bears devote a great portion of their scavenging to nuts, vegetables, and even honey from beehives. Arguably the most interesting part of the black bear diet is their attraction to honey. In pop culture, this has inspired stereotypes such as Winnie the Pooh carrying around beehives in an effort to salvage honey from them, but ...Sep 17, 2015 · Much smaller than the grizzly, male black bears rarely reach 400 pounds (180 kg) here; females may grow to 250 (112.5 kg). Despite their name, black bears can be brown, cinnamon or blonde. Most black bears spend the winter in dens, typically in the base of a rotted fir tree. Bear cubs are born while their mothers are denning. SUNY ESFAmerican Black Bear. American Black Bear. Shaggy black fur and large size distinguish this animal from all other Adirondack mammals. The black bear has a short, inconspicuous tail. The body and legs are short. The head is broad with erect, rounded ears. The muzzle, grizzled with brown, is long and narrow. The eyes are small and dark.Black Bear – Ursus americanus. As the largest wildlife species in the Sierra Nevada region, an adult Black Bear can be about 5 to 6 feet long and weigh 400 pounds or more. They generally make their home in the mixed conifer forests and upper montane belts between 1,200 and 8,500 ft. elevation, in forest areas or thickets. Black bears are large, heavily boned mammals. Adult males weigh from 120 kg to 300 kg (250 to 650 lbs.), and are 130 to 190 cm (4 to 6 feet) in length from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail. Adult females are smaller, weighing from 45 to 180 kg (100 to 400 lbs.) and measuring 110 to 170 cm (31/2 to 51/2 feet) in length.
Aug 29, 2019 · Common Names: Florida black bear. Order: Carnivora. Basic Animal Group: Mammal. Size: 5 to 6 feet long and 3 to 3.5 feet high at the shoulder. Weight: 250 to 300 pounds for males and 130 to 180 pounds for females. Life Span: 15 to 25 years for males and up to 30 years for females. Diet: Berries, acorns, fruit, grass, nuts, honey, insects, deer ... . Cheap live tv streaming
Female Black Bears can have 1 to 5 cubs at a time and can reproduce every other year so long as there is enough food during the fall to support pregnancy. Black Bears are omnivores, though 85% of their diet is plant-based. During the fall, Black Bears go through a period called hyperphagia. During this time, their appetites go into hyper drive. Fruit, nuts, honey and other plant parts are favorites of bear. They also eat insects and sometimes fish, but most of their food comes from plants. Bears have ...Adult males range from 175 to 275 pounds (80-125 kg.). Adult females weigh between 140 and 180 pounds (64-82 kg.). A spectacled bear spends even more time in trees than does the American black bear. This bear has the most varied diet of all the bears, eating dozens of species of vegetation including bromeliads and cactus.Black bears are omnivores that eat grass, berries, fish, mammals, and honeycomb. They use their sense of smell and vision to find their food and are n…Black bears are incredibly intelligent, curious, and powerful animals. They are fast sprinters, agile climbers, excellent swimmers, and quick learners with an extraordinary sense of smell — and a huge appetite! The average Yosemite bear weighs 150 (female) to 250 (male) pounds and has an average lifespan of 18 years in the wild.A black bear's size and weight vary depending on its age and the time of year. Male black bears are up to 60% bigger than females, weighing up to 660 pounds (300 kilograms), while females only ...Bears are called omnivores because they eat both plant and animals. A Florida black bear's diet varies, but usually consists of 73% plants, 22% insects, and 5% animal matter. The vegetative part of their diet is made up of grasses and leaves, as well as mast. Hard mast is the fruit of forest trees like acorns, hickory and other nuts, while soft ...The Himalayan black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus laniger) is a rare subspecies of the Asiatic black bear.HABITAT Himalayan black bears are scattered across the Himalayas from Bhutan to Pakistan. They are most populous in mountainous areas and jungles. During the summer, Himalayan black bears can be found in warmer areas in Nepal, China, …A year ago we reported on the MyFoodPhone service, a "teledieting" system for your cameraphone. You take a photo of your meals, email them from your phone to a food log to track yo...Apr 5, 2022 · Black bears are one of the largest predators living in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, but the majority of their diet is made up of plants. Eighty-five percent of a Great Smoky Mountains black bear’s diet comes from berries and nuts. Black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains also eat insects and animal carcasses when they are available. A Black Bear is a creature in Conan Exiles. The black bear is a large black bear in Conan Exiles. It has long front teeth that stick out of its mouth and a large head. It has powerful legs, which allow it to do a knockdown attack. Has a knockdown attack that should be dodged or blocked. This is easily seen, as the bear rears up before delivering the attack. …Generally, American black bears are largely crepuscular in foraging activity, though may actively feed at any time. Up to 85% of the black bear's diet consists of vegetation, though they tend to dig less than brown bears, …The adolescent polar bear often has to scavenge on the carcasses of other bears’ kills while learning to develop its own hunting skills. Efficient digestion. The bear’s digestive system absorbs approximately 84% of the protein and 97% of the fat it consumes. Fatty diet. The average polar bear can consume 2kg (4.4 lbs) of fat in a day.An estimated 800,000 black bears roam the continent, slowly returning to many of their old haunts. Three success stories highlight the resurgence of the up-to-600-pound (270-kilogram) omnivores ... Black Bears Foraging & Foods. Berries are important foods throughout the black bear range. The most commonly eaten berries in northeastern Minnesota are sarsaparilla berries, juneberries, cherries, dogwood berries, blueberries, and raspberries. Many other berries are eaten, but they have shorter seasons, are scarce, or are less preferred. There is no such thing as an "anti-diet" dieting app. The first time I heard an ad for Noom—the so-called “anti-diet” weight-loss app—I was carrying more than a few extra post-anor....